Biscationic pyridinium monoazo dyes useful for dyeing acid-modified nylons

ABSTRACT

Orange to violet biscationic azo dyes having the formula   where R1 alkyl R2 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl R3 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl or R2 and R3 together alicyclic ring or R1, R2, and R3 together pyridinium ring R4 H or Cl W 1,4-naphthylene or   R5 and R6 H, alkyl, alkoxy or Cl R7 H, alkyl, alkoxy, Cl, NHCO alkyl or NHCOC6H5 R8 H, Cl, alkyl or alkoxy   Y N R9R2R3 or NHCOCH2N R9R2R3, where R9 R1 or H m 0 or 1 N 0 OR 1 Z H when n 0 and OH when n 1 A anion AND WHERE ALKYL GROUPS CONTAIN 1-4 CARBON ATOMS, ARE PARTICULARLY WELL SUITED FOR DYEING OF BULK CONTINUOUS FILAMENT (BCF) nylon styling carpet, and have good exhaust and lightfastness on acid-modified nylon and excellent reserve on unmodified nylons, at the preferred dyeing pH range of 6-6.5. The dyes are prepared by coupling p-aminophenacylammonium or p-(paminophenylazo)phenacylammonium salts to N,N-disubstituted anilines containing a pendant tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium group attached to the nitrogen atom.

United States Patent [191 James 1 Oct. 14, 1975 [54] BISCATIONIC PYRIDINIUM MONOAZO DYES USEFUL FOR DYEING ACID-MODIFIED NYLONS [75] Inventor: Daniel Shaw James, Hockessin, Del.

[73] Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del.

22 Filed: May 3,1973

211 App]. No.: 356,910

Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 58,707, July 27, 1970, Pat. No.

[51] Int. Cl. C09B 29/08; D061 3/26 [58] Field of Search 260/156 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,821,526 l/1958 Boyd 260/205 3,100,739 8/1963 Kaiser et a1. 260/378 UX 3,148,181 9/1964 Wallace et al. 260/207 3,402,167 9/1968 Entschel 260/ 154 3,518,247 6/1970 Altennatt et al. 260/156 3,524,842 8/1970 Grossmann et a1... 260/151 3,532,683 10/1970 Sartori 260/207 3,542,758 1 1/1970 Hegar 260/156 3,658,781 4/1972 Hegar 260/156 Primary ExaminerF1oyd D. Higel [5 7] ABSTRACT where R alkyl R alkyl or hydroxyalkyl R alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl or R and R together alicyclic ring or R R and R together pyridinium ring R, H or Cl W 1,4-naphthylene or R and R H, alkyl, alkoxy or C1 R H, alkyl, alkoxy, C1, NHCO alkyl or NHCOC H R H, C1, alkyl or alkoxy R R or H m O or 1 r1 O or 1 Z=Hwhenn=0and OH when n= 1 A anion and where alkyl groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms, are particularly well suited for dyeing of bulk continuous filament (BCF) nylon styling carpet, and have good exhaust and light-fastness on acid-modified nylon and excellent reserve on unmodified nylons, at the preferred dyeing pH range of 6-6.5. The dyes are prepared by coupling p-aminophenacylammonium or p- (p-aminophenylazo)phenacylammonium salts to N,N- disubstituted anilines containing a pendant tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium group attached to the nitrogen atom.

2 Claims, N0 Drawings BISCATIONIC PYRIDINIUM MONOAZO EYES USEFUL FOR DYEING ACID-MODTFIED NYLONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This is a division of application Ser. No. 58,707 filed July 27, 1970, and now U.S. Pat. 3,759,893.

Multicolored bulked continuous filament (BCF) nylon styling carpeting has grown rapidly in popularity since its introduction a few years ago. Such carpeting initially contained several polyamide modification which differ from each other with respect to the concentration of free amine end groups in the fiber. US.

Pat. No. 3,078,248 describes the preparation of polyamide fibers of varying amine end content. Since amine groups act as dye sites for acid dyes, these modified nylons vary in acid dye receptivity. Hence, when a carpet composed of three such nylons having low, medium and high amine end content (which may be termed light-, mediumand deep-dyeable nylon, respectively) is dyed with a suitable acid dye or dyes, a three-tone effect is produced. Greater versatility of shade is obtainable by using disperse dyes in addition to acid dyes.

Disperse dyes are not site-dyeing (since they possess no ionic groups) and thus dye all nylon modification of the kind described above to the same depth, irrespective of the amineend concentration. To illustrate this point, one can visualize a tricomponent nylon carpet dyed frist with a suitable red acid dye and then with a yellow disperse dye. The red dye will produce light, medium and deep red shades, respectively, on the three different kinds of nylon. The yellow disperse dye, however, will dye all three nylons to the same depth of shade. The resulting shades will be reddish-yellow, orange and scarlet, respectively.

With the introduction of acid-modified nylons (e.g. as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,184,436), the range of multicolored effects obtainable on BCF nylon styling carpeting was greatly increased. Acid-modified nylons, which contain sulfonic acid groups on the polymer chain, are dyeable with cationic dyes but have little affinity for acid dyes. Thus, a carpet containing two or three nylons of varying affinity for acid dyes and an acidmodified nylon which reserves (is not stained by) acid dyes can be dyed at will with any combination of shades, including primary colors (those colors that cannot be obtained by mixing other colors together) side by side on the same carpet. Dyeing methods have been developed so that such carpets can be dyed with acid an cationic dyes in a single dyeing operation. Thus, a .red cationic dye and a blue acid dye (with a suitable dyebath additive to prevent coprecipitation of the dyes) will produce varying shades of blue on the acidreceptive nylons and a red shade on the acid-modified cationic dye-receptive nylon.

The choice of cationic dyes for acid-modified nylon in styling carpeting depends on two main considerations, namely, a high degree of fastness (particularly -to light) on the acidmodified nylon and a lack of staining on the unmodified nylons. The former considercial, monocationic dyes have satisfactory non-staining characteristics on unmodified nylon at low pH (i.e. 4 or below). However, at the preferred dyeing pH range for monocationic dyes of 6-6.5, staining becomes more apparent and, in most cases, tends to become unacceptable for commercial use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Nylon styling .yarns containing acid-modified nylon and unmodified nylon fibers can be dyed in an aqueous dyebath at a pH of from about 6 to about 6.5 with novel orange to violet biscationic azo dyes having the formula where R alkyl R alkyl or hydroxyalkyl R alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl R and R, together alicyclic ring R,, R and R together pyridinium ring R H or Cl W 1,4-naphthylene or R and R,; H, alkyl, alkoxy or Cl R H, alkyl, alkoxy, Cl, NHCO alkyl or NHCOC,,H R H, C], alkyl or alkoxy Z=Hwhen n,=0 and OH whenn=l A'=anion and where alkyl groups contain 1-4 atoms. The dyes have excellent reserve of non-acid-modified nylon,

deep dyeing characteristics on acid-modified nylon and excellent exhaust from the dyebat-h.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (where R R and R are as defined above) in aqueous hydrochloric acid at about O-l C. with sodium nitrite and coupling the resulting diazonium compound to a quaternary amine or a tertiary amine salt of the structure (where the symbols are as defined above). The coupling reaction may be carried out by dissolving the coupler in water at room temperature or below, but preferably at about 520C., and then slowly adding the diazonium salt preparation to it, or vice versa. To increase the reaction rate, the pH of the reaction mixture may be raised to about 3-4 by adding a suitable inorganic salt or base, such as an alkali metal acetate, carbonate, bicrabonate or hydroxide. Sodium acetate and sodium hydroxide are the preferred agents.

The disazo dyes of this invention may be prepared by coupling the diazo compound, obtained as described above, to a-naphthylamine or an amine of the formula (where R and R are as defined above. Table 1 lists examples of such amines.

TABLE 1 aniline oor m-toluidene oor m-ethylaniline oor m-anisidine oor m-phenetidine oor m-chloroaniline cresidine 2,5-xylidine 2,5-dimethoxyaniline 2,5-diethoxyaniline 5-chloro-o-toluidine 5-chloro-o-anisidine Coupling may be effected at room temperature or below, but preferably at l()-l5C., by dissolving the amine totally or partially in aqueous acid and then slowly adding the diazonium salt preparation to the coupler preparation, or vice versa. Adjustment of the pH as described above may be carried out to increase the rate of coupling.

The monoazo amine thus obtained may be diazotized, at room temperature or below, in situ or after first isolating and redissolving or reslurrying the intermediate in aqueous hydrochloric acid. It is then coupled to the final coupler as described above.

The monoazo and disazo dyes thus prepared may be salted from solution if necessary and then isolated by filtration.

Monoand disazo dyes in which the coupler is the salt ofa tertiary amine may be used in this form. or may be quaternized by any of the agents known for this purpose in the art. Common examples include alkyl chlo-.

rides, bromides and iodides, benzyl chloride, bromide and sulfate, alkyl sulfates and alkyl p-toluenesulfonates. Alkyl may contain up to four carbon atoms, but methyl and ethyl are the preferred species.

Another alternative procedure for preparing the subject dyes is by diazotizing p-aminophenacyl chloride or 4-amino-3-chlorophenacyl chloride and coupling as described above to give monoor disazo intermediates. These compounds may then be treated with a tertiary amine to give the desired products.

For economic reasons, the preferred anion is chloride. However, substitution of other anions in no way impairs the desirable properties of the subject dyes and in some cases (i.e. for ease of isolation of the dye) may be beneficial. Various procedures are available for introducing other anions. For instance, salts such as zinc chloride, sodium iodide, sodium fluoborate, etc., may be used as salting agents to precipitate the biscationic dyes as the zinc chloride double salt, the iodide and the fluoborate, respectively. Hydrochloric acid may be replaced with sulfuric acid in the procedures described above to produce the sulfate form of the dyes. Quaternization of the coupler compounds, before or after dye formation, may be effected by any of the agents known in the art for this purpose. Thus may such anions as bromide, methosulfate and p-toluenesulfonate be introduced. Picrate and phosphate are two more potentially desirable anions.

The preparation of the starting monoquaternary diamines is described in US. Pat. No. 2,821,526. Acetanilide is reacted with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride to give pacetamidophenacyl chloride. Reaction of this material with a suitable tertiary amine, followed by removal of the N-acetyl group by acid hydrolysis, produces the .de-,

sired monoquaternary amine. Examples of such diamines are given in Table 2.

TABLE 2 (p-aminophenacyl)trimethylammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)triethylammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)tri-n-propylammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)tri-n-butylammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl )diethyl( 2-hydroxyethyl )ammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)ethylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)methylbis(hydroxyisopropyl)ammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)benzyldimethylammonium chloride 5 (p-aminophenacyl)benzylmethyl(2-hydroxyethyl- )ammonium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)ethylpiperidinium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)methylpyrrolidinium chloride (p-aminophenacyl)pyridinium chloride (4-amino-3-chlorophenacyl)trimethylammonium chloride The couplers are also prepared by known techniques from N-alkylanilines or m-chloro, m-alkyl or m-alkoxy derivatives thereof, e.g. by sequential reaction with ethyleneimine, chloroacetyl chloride and a secondary or tertiary amine; by reaction with ethylene oxide, re-

placement of the resulting hydroxyl group with chlorine and subsequent reaction with a secondary or tertiary amine; reaction with epichlorhydrin and then a secondary or tertiary amine; reaction with epichlorhydrin, replacement of the terminal chlorine atom with a primary amine group and then sequential reaction with chloroacetyl chloride and a secondary or tertiary amine, and so on. Other useful couplers are prepared by alkylating and quaternizing N-phenylpiperazine, or the m chloro, m-alkyl or m-alkoxy derivatives thereof, with any of the known quaternizing agents, examples of which are given above. Examples of such couplers are Table 3-Continued The biscationic azo dyes of this invention have been found to have good exhaust and lightfastness on acidmodified BCF nylon fibers. Such polymers are described, for instance, in US. Pat. No. 3,184,436 and contain sulfonate groups along the polymer chain which act as dye sites for basic or cationic dyes. The instant dyes have also been found to display an almost total lack of affinity for unmodified nylon fibers under neutral to weakly acidic conditions. in other words, at pH 6-6.5, the biscationic dyes almost completely reserve nylon fibers which do not contain sulfonate groups. This behavior differs from that of known monocationic orange and red dyes, which tend to stain unmodified nylon under near-neutral conditions and which display good reserve only under more acidic conditions (i.e. pH 4 or below).

The importance of these observations lies in the fact that nylon styling carpeting, which contains acidmodified and unmodified nylons, is piece-dyed most satisfactorily at pH 6-6.5. Acid and cationic dyes are applied to the carpeting from a single dyebath, which contains an additive to prevent coprecipitation of the oppositely charged dye molecules. There are several reasons why neutral to weakly acidic conditions are preferred for this dyeing procedure.

a. Although cationic dyes generally reserve unmodified nylons more efficiently at lower pH, they do not exhaust as well from the dyebath onto acidmodified nylon.

b. Acid dyes generally exhaust more efficiently at lower pH, but suffer a decrease in levelness on unmodified nylon and tend to stain acid-modified ny lon.

c. Styling carpet that has a jute backing undergoes increased staining of the nylon, by impurities in the jute, with increasing acidity,causing dulling of dye shade and deterioration of dye fastness properties.

At neutral to weakly acidic conditions, cationic dyes may be applied to nylon styling carpet in conjunction with neutral-dyeing acid dyes, which have satisfactory exhaust and levelness under these conditions. It has now been discovered that the biscationic dyes described hereinabove have significantly better nonstaining properties on unmodified nylon at pH 6-6.5 than any known commercial orange to red cationic dye.

Although biscationic dyes have been disclosed in the patent literature for several years for use on various substrates, particularly for acid-modified acrylic fibers, biscationic dyes like those disclosed in the present invention were found to have very limited utility on acrylics (such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,837,500 and 2,837,50l) because of low affinity and poor buildup on the substrates. Much the same thing was found to be true of acid-modified polyester (such as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,0l 8,272). Thus, it was totally unexpected to find that the biscationic dyes of this invention have entirely adequate buildup on acidmodified nylon, producing deep orange to violet shades thereon. a

Commercial nylon styling carpet usually contains acid-modified nylon and from two to four unmodified nylons of varying acid dye receptivity which are tufted onto a backing in a random pattern to give the desired styling effects. The acid dye receptivity of the unmodified nylon fibers is a function of their amine end content, which may range from to more than 100 gramequivalents of free amine ends per grams of polymer. Four unmodified nylon fibers in the same styling yarn may have the following amine-end content:

1. 5-25 gram-equivalents light-dyeable with acid dyes 2. 25-55 gram-equivalents medium-dyeable with acid dyes 3. 55-100 gram-equivalents deep-dyeable with acid dyes 4. 100-120 gram-equivalents ultradeep-dyeable with acid dyes The deep-dyeing nylons (3) and (4) are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,078,248.

The carpeting can be dyed with acid and cationic dyes in the same dyebath by using as a dyeing assistant a sulfobetaine of the general structure where R aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 7.-l7 carbon atoms (m+p) 4 The preparation of these compounds is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,179. Their utility in this particular end-use is disclosed in the defensive publication of Robbins dated Apr. 29, 1969, Ser. No. 634,477. The functions of the sulfobetaine additive are to prevent coprecipitation of the acid and cationic dyes, to enhance the levelness of both classes of dye without suppressing buildup and to minimize cross-staining.

Piece dyeing is carried out at temperatures above 70C. and preferably near the boil (95-100C.). Lower temperatures cause inferior exhaust and poor contrast through cross-staining. The pH of the dyebath may be anywhere from 3 to 9, but the most favored pH range is 6-6.5, for reasons given earlier in the discussion.

The sulfobetaine dyeing assistant may be used in amounts as low as 0.05% of the weight of the fiber being dyed, but the best results are obtained with 0.2-0.3%. Amounts in excess of 0.5% of the weight of the fiber have led to an increase in cross-staining;

The dyeing procedure is advantageously preceded by a bleach scour, as described in Example 17a, in order to obtain maximum shade brightness and contrast.

Finally, dyeing is usually followed by conventional rinse and drying steps. Conventional finishing, drying, latexing, and double backing application may be performed by customary means.

The aforementioned dyeing procedure may be adapted for the continuous dyeing of styling carpet, a comparatively new technique which is referred to in Melliand Textilberichte, 48, 415-448 (April, 1967). Continuous dyeing is taught as being related to piece dyeing in that it is an aqueous process, but

a. at very low bath ratios, i.e. 5:1 instead of 30:1 to

50:1, and

b. the rate of fixation is much faster, since temperatures near the boil are attained more quickly in a steamer than in heating up a beck. Cationic and acid or direct dyes may also be printed onto nylon styling carpeting, with excellent results.

Although the discussion has been devoted up to this point to styling carpeting, there are other areas in which BCF nylon styling yarns may be effectively used, such as upholstery and accent or throw rugs. The dyeing of these items may be carried out by the same means as that described for carpeting, using suitable equipment. Thus, carpeting is usually dyed in becks; upholstery is usually dyed in jigs; accent or throw rugs are usually dyed in paddle machines.

In order to evaluate the instant biscationic dyes for use on nylon styling yarns, they were dyed singly and in the absence of any acid dyes, onto a skein of acidmodified, 1300 denier BCF nylon (such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,184,436) in the presence of a skein of light-dyeable, unmodified, 3700 denier BCF nylon having an amine-end content of 5-25 gram-equivalents per 10 grams of polymer. The dyeing procedure was the same as that described in Example 17 and the evaluation of cross-staining and light-fastness for some typical dyes of this invention appears in Example 20.

EXAMPLES The preparation of the dyes of this invention may be illustrated by the following examples. Parts are given by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 Coupling of (p-Aminophenacyl)trimethylammonium Chloride (Quatamine) to [Z-(N-ethyl-m-toluidino)ethylcarbamoylmethyl]trimethylammonium Chloride A solution of 22.9 parts of Quatamine in 250 parts of water and 35 parts of ION-hydrochloric acid was cooled to'5l0C. and treated with 23.5 parts of 5N- sodium nitrite solution. After stirring at this temperature for a V2 hour, excess nitrous acid was destroyed with a small quantity of sulfamic acid. The diazo preparation was added over a period of l5 minutes to a solution of 32.9 parts of the coupler in 100 parts of water EXAMPLE 3 at l-l5C., containing enough acetic acid to give the solution a pH of 5.0. As coupling proceeded, the pH was maintained at 3.5-5.0 by intermittent addition of Coupling of Quatamine to sodium acetate. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 5 N-ethyl-N-(m-tolyl)-N',N'-diethyl-2-hydroxy-l,3- hours at l0l5C., after which the temperature was propylenediamine allowed to rise to room temperature. The solution was then heated to 50-60C. and 110 parts of sodium iodide were added in portions. Precipitation of the dye Pans OfQuatamine were diazotized in a conven- Occurred tional manner, essentially as described in Example 1.

Th temperature was ll to f n to room temper, The diazonium salt solution was added to a suspension ature and the reaction mass was stirred at this temperaof Parts of coupler in 25 Parts of Water adjusted ture overnight. The solids were isolated by filtration, to P 5 with acetic acid a d Cooled to 5l0C. The pH washed with 500 parts of 10% sodium iodide and then was maintained at about 5 during the coupling P with 500 parts of isopropanol and dried, Th h dure by addition of sodium acetate. The reaction mixgraphically pure, reddish-orange powd h d n bture was then stirred for /2 hour and then warmed to sorptivity of 42.5 liters grarn cm. at 490 mg (in di- 30C. The product was salted out of solution by the methylacetamide water 4 1), addition of 23 parts of sodium iodide, isolated by filtra- Found: C, 43.8, 43.6; H, 5.7, 5.8; Azo N, 3.9, 4.0; I, don, washed with 5% sodium iodide solution and then 35.2, 35.0. Calc. for C H N OJ C, 44.1; H, 5.7; A20 20 with a little water, and dried. The dark red powder had N, 3.8; I, 34.5. an absorptivity of 48.5 liters gram cm. at 495 mu. On the basis of the above results, the structure of the Based on the above procedure the structure of the dye is dye is I OH EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 4 Coupling of (p-aminophenacyl)pyridinium Chloride to i th Coupler of Example 1 40 Quaternization of the Dye of Example 3 In the procedure of Example 1, 22.9 parts of Quatai were l d b 249 parts f A mixture of 15 parts of the dye of Example 3, l7 i h n idi i hl id Th d was parts of methyl iodide, 4.6 parts of potassium carbonsalted from solution by addition of sodium fluoroboate and 200 Parts ofiSOPT'BPaIIOI was heated t0 the '6- rate. An oil was formed initially which solidified on stirfl emperature with stirring for 6 hours. An addiring the reaction mass at 45-50C. for 15 minutes. tional ll.5 parts of methyl iodide was then added and After stirring overnight at room temperature, the solids the reaction mixture stirred at the reflux temperature were filtered, washed with 500 parts of 5% sodium fluofor a further 4 hours. After allowing the mass to cool roborate solution and then with 500 parts of isopropaby stirring overnight, the product was separated by filnol, and dried. The chromatographically pure red solid tration, washed with isopropanol and dried. The dye had an absorptivity of 53.5 liters gram cm. at 488 had an absorptivity of 28.5 liters gram cm. at 488 my. (in dimethylacetamide water 4 1). my.

Based On the above P ocedure, the structure of the Based on the above procedure, the structure of the dye is dye is 120 parts of isopropanol and finally dried. Yield: 44

EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 7 Coupli gof Quata t Coupling of (p-aminophenacyl)pyridinium Chloride to y yd yp py l Nphenyl-N,N-dirnethylpiperazinium Iodide thylammonium chloride 5 A solution of 7 parts of (p- Parts Of Quatamine were diazotized the pI'O- aminophenacynpy idinium chloride in parts of cedure described in Example 1. 72 Parts of the coupler water and 7 parts f 1 1 i i were were added at 50-1000 and the reaction mixture treated with 7.3 parts of 5N-sodium nitrite at 0-5C.

Stirred at this temperature for 1 hour- The temPefatuTe 10 After stirring the reaction mixture for a 42 hour, excess was allowed to use to Q- Over a Penod of nitrous acid was destroyed with sulfamic acid. The 2 houfst e P of the Teactlon mass was adlusted to diazo preparation was added to a mixture of 9.2 parts 34 with sodiumacetate and 26 parts of sodium fluobof the coupler and 100 parts f water, the mixture rate were addedreaetlen mass was Sn'rred for 2V2 being first adjusted to pH 4 with acetic acid and cooled hours and the solids were lsolated by filtration, washed to Sodium aeetate was added during the with 250 parts of 10% sodium fluoborate and then with phng reaction to maintain the pH f the reaction mhe ture at 4-4.5. The mixture was stirred for 1 /2 hours at ca. 10C. and then overnight at room temperature. The solids were isolated by filtration and washed with 20 parts of water and then 50 parts of isopropanol. The

parts of red needles, having an absorptivity of 53.0 liters gram cm. at 489 me.

Based on the above procedure, the structure of the dye is CH a 2 5 e H NCH C0 N=N N 2BF CH J EXAMPLE 6 dark brown dye was slurried in 50 parts of isopropanol, isolated by filtration, washed with isopropanol and dried. The chromatographically pure tinctorially weak dye had a shoulder at 360 mp, where the absorptivity was 19.6 liters gram cmf.

Coupling of (p-aminophenacyl)dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride to the coupler of Example 3 Diazotization of 15.5 parts of (p- Based on the above procedure the structure of the aminophenacyl)dimethyl( 2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium dye is o \0 CH3 0 N zCO N=N -N N 2A chloride was carried out essentially as described in Ex- (where A is Cl" and/or 1). ample 1.

To the diazonium salt solution was added 17.2 parts EXAMPLE 8 of the pure coupler of Example 3 over a 15-20 minute period. The reaction mixture was stirred at 10-15C. for 2 hours and then allowed to warm to room tempera- Coupling of Quatamine to a. cresidine b. 2,5-demethoxyaniline c. m-toluidine t Aft i i f a f h 2 h 30% di Diazotization of 68.5 parts of Quatamine was carried hydroxide solution was added to raise the pH to 4 and out as in Example 1. The resulting solution of the diazothe temperature raised to 5 5C. Addition of 25 nium salt was divided into three equal parts. parts of sodium fluoroborate caused the dye to precipi- 50 a. To the first part was added a partial solution of tate as an oil, which crystallized on stirring the reaction 13.6 parts of cresidine in 50 parts of water containing mass overnight at room temperature. enough acetic acid to, dissolve about half of the cresi- The solids were isolated by filtration, restirred in 100 dine. The reaction mixture was stirred at l0-l5C. for parts of 20% sodium fluoroborate solution, reisolated, 4 hours then overnight at room temperature. Filtration washed with 10% sodium fluoroborate solution and yielded solids which were washed with 200 parts of dried. The chromatographically pure orange powder 20% salt solution, 200 parts of 10% salt solution, 200 had an absorptivity of 44.4 liters gram cm. at 438 parts of 5% salt solution and finally with 100 parts of my. isopropanol. After being dried, the red powder was Based on the above procedure the structure of the found to have an absorptivity of 68.5 liters grarrf dye is cm. at 488 mp. The structure of the intermediate is:

Coupling was effected by addition of 9.2 parts of the (CHMfiCHZCd N: pure coupler to the diazonium salt solution at ll C. The reaction mixture was stirred at this tem' perature for 3 hours and then at room temperature Cl 3 5 overnight.

- The pH of the reaction mass was then adjusted to 5.0

t with 30% caustic soda solution. 115 Parts of sodium The Second P of the diazo Preparation was iodide were added and the mass was heated to treated with 15.2 parts of 2,5-dimethoxyaniline, essen- 40 45 and then Stirred at room temperature overtially as described in (a) above. The resulting brown night W-" had an absorptlvlty of lltel's gram-l Filtration yielded solids which were reslurried in 200 at 490 l parts of 1% sodium iodide solution. The dye was reiso- The Structure of the mtermedlate lated by filtration, washed with 50 parts of 1% sodium iodide, reslurried in 50 parts of isopropanol, reisolated, l5 washed with 50 parts of isopropanol and dried. The

OCH red-brown powder had an absorptivity of 35.0 liters 8 --1 ram cm. at 525 mu. (CH NCH co N= NH g a a 2 2 Based on the above procedure, the dye has the structure:

OCH

e /C,H5 a)a z N=N- -N=N -N Zl C l-l N(C l-l cu cu I b. Diazotization and coupling of 17.2 parts of the monoazo intermediate of Example 8b) was performed essentially as described in a) above, yielding a dark, ol-

c. The third portion of the diazo preparation was treated with 12 parts of m-toluidine, as described in a) above- T resultmg orange powder had an absorpnv' ive-green powder having an absorptivity of 60.5 liters ity of 70.3 liters gram cm. at 454 mu. The structure -l at 5 3 my" of the intermediate is Based on the above procedure, the structure of the dye is:

' ocn, o C H cu nncruco -N=N N=N N 2 59 21 Cz l z s)2 ocH CH3 l c. The procedure of Example 9a, using the monoazo o intermediate of Example 8c, produced a dye having a (CFWNCHICO N=N absorptivity of 43.0 liters gram cm. at 523 mu.

Cl CH Based on the above procedure, the structure of the dye is:

EXAMPLE 9 EXAMPLE l0 Coupling of the Monoazo Intermediates of Example 8 Quatemization of the y of Example 9e to N"NI'Diethyl'N'ethyl"N'(m'tolynethylenediamine Quaternization of 10 parts of the dye of Example 9c a. Diazotization of 16.5 parts of the intermediate With Parts of methyl iodide, "Sing theiprocedure from Example 8 a) was effected in aqueous hydrochloof Example 4, produced a dark reddish-brown powder ric acid at l0-l5C., using a 25% molar excess of sohaving an absorptivity of 43.3 litersgram' cm. at dium nitrite. After l /2 hours, excess nitrous acid was 510 mu. Based on the above procedure, the structure destroyed with sulfamic acid. f the dye is:

EXAMPLE 1 1 tion was added to a solution of 12.5 parts of the coupler in 60 parts of water at 5l0C. The pH was adjusted to 44.5 with sodium acetate, as required. After stirring for /2 hour, the temperature was allowed to rise and the 5 reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 a. m-Chloro-p-acetylaminophenacyl Chloride hour. It was then warmed to 35C. and 25 parts of sodium fluoroborate were slowly added. Precipitation of A solution of 18.75 parts of p-acetylaminophenacyl the dye started immediately.

Preparation of (4-Amino-3-chlorophenacyl)trimethylammonium Chloride (o-chloroquatamine) chloride in 140 parts of acetic acid and 32.5 parts of After stirring overnight, the solids were isolated by concentrated hydrochloric acid was cooled to O-5C. l filtration, washed with sodium fluoroborate solu- A solution of 4.4 parts of sodium chlorate in parts tion, then with isopropanol, and dried. The dye had an of water was added dropwise and allowed to react at absorptivity of 52.1 liters gram cm." at 478 mp. room temperature for 3 hours. The product was iso- Found: C, 46.5, 46.4; H, 5.8, 5.8; N, 11.0, 11.0; Azo lated by filtration and washed with bisulfite solution N, 4.6, 4.6. Calcd for C H B ClF N O: C, 46.6; H, and then with water. It was then recrystallized from an 5.9; N, 11.4; Azo N, 4.5.

acetone-water mixture to yield 9.7 parts of product, The structure of the dye is:

o v j /YCZH5 CH, ,NCH,C0 N=N N o 2BF,.

C,H.,N(CH;)3

m.p. l82l84; ll (Nujol) 3400 (NH) and 1690 EXAMPLE 13 I Coupling of o-Chloroquatamine to 9 ;1 2. 2 [2-(N-ethyl-m-toluidino)ethylldiethylmethylammonium methosulfate b. (4-Acetylamino-3chlorophenacyl) trimethylammonium chloride Diazotization of 13.2 parts of o-chloroquatamine and 9.,7 Parts of m-chloro-pcet lami oph a l h1 coupling to 18.9 parts of coupler were carried out esride was added to 225 parts of acetone and reacted sentially as described in Example 12. The dye had an with excess trimethyl amine. Product was recovered by absorptivity of 475- liters gram cm. at'490 mu. filtration to yield 11.6 parts, m.p. 212214C.; ir Found: C, 48.1, 48.0; H, 6.1, 6.1; N,- 10.4, 10.3; Azo j 3300 and 1670 Anal- 3 N, 4.4, 4.3. Calcd for C H B C1F N O: C, 49.5; H, Calcd for C, H, Cl N O (305): C, 51.1; H, 5.9; CI, 4; N, 1 7; A N 43 23.3; N, 9.2. Found: C, 49.6, 49.7; H, 5.9, 6.0; Cl, 21.5, The dye has the structure:

. C H (cHmNcmco N z s 215m 2 4 TK z sh CH 22.0; N, 8.9, 8.9. EXAMPLE14 c chl t i Coupling of o-Chloroquatamine to N- th l-N- -t 1 l N',N'-d' th 1-2-h 11.1 Parts of (4-acetylamino-3-chlorophenacyl)- e y (m 16 y ydroxy l 3 trimethylammonium chloride were heated in 90 parts propylenedlamme of water and 8] parts of concentrated hydrochloric Diazotization of 13.2 parts of o-chloroquatamine and acid at reflux. The aqueous reaction solution had Coupling to 13.7 parts of coupler was carried out essen- 5.12% diazotizable compound by weight (-100% tially as described in Example 12, except that acetic yield). acid was also added to dissolve the coupler prior to addition of the diazo compound. The dye was salted from EXAMPLE 12 solution with sodium chloride. The dye had an absorp- Couplmgof o'chloroquatamme to tivity of 58.2 liters gram cm? at 513 mu. Found: C,

[2-(N-ethyl-anilino-)ethy1]trimethylammoniu 52.3, 52.6; H, 6.9, 6.9; N, 11.1, 11.2; Azo N, 4.8, 5.0.

Chloride Calcd for C26H4 Cl N O C, 55,7; H, 7.1; N, 12.5; Azo Diazotization of 13.2 parts of o-chloroquatamine was N, 5.0. 7 effected by a conventional procedure. The diazo solu- The dye has the structure:

l OHH b. Dyeing Procedure The carpeting was added to 4000 parts of water containing the aforementioned sulfobetaine: 1 part the tetrasodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid: 0.25 part tetrasodium pyrophosphate: 0.2 part.

The dyebath was adjusted to pH 6 with monosodium phosphate and the temperature raised to 80F. for 10 minutes. 0.05 Part of the dye of Example 1 was added and, after holding the dyebath at 80F. for 10 minutes, the temperature was raised at ca. 2F. per minute to 210F. and held at this temperature for 1 hour. The carpeting was rinsed in cold water and dried. The acidmodified band was dyed a scarlet shade. The unmodified fibers had a negligible stain.

EXAMPLE 18 Printing of BCP Nylon Styling Carpeting A sample of BCF nylon styling carpeting was printed with a mixture containing:

the cationic dye of Example 3: 5 parts the sulfobetaine described in Example 17: 0.5 part glacial acetic acid: 5 parts carrageenin thickener: to give the desired viscosity water: to 100 parts The carpeting was steamed at 2l2-220F. for minutes, rinsed, scoured for minutes at 160F. in a 0.03% aqueous solution of the condensation product of moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of C alcohol, rinsed and dried. The acidmodified nylon fibers were dyed a scarlet shade. The unmodified fibers had a negligible stain.

EXAMPLE l9 Continuous Dyeing of Nylon Styling Carpeting Using Kusters Equipment as described in Textile Chemist and Colorist", Jan. 14, 1970, pages 6-12, nylon styling carpeting as described in Example 18 above was run through a wet-out bath at 80F. containmg an organic alcohol extended with ethylene oxide: 1.5

a sulfated polyglycol ether: 0.6 g/l Pickup was about 80%. The carpeting was then continuously treated with an aqueous dyebath composition containing the dye of Example 2: 5 g/l an organic alcohol extended with ethylene oxide:

a sulfated polyglycol ether: 1.25 g/l a purified natural gum ether: 2 g/l the sulfobetaine described in Example 17: 5 g/l acetic acid: 3 g/l monosodium phosphate: to adjust the pH to ca. 5

The dyebath temperature was 80F. Pickup was about 200%. The carpeting was then run through a steamer at 212F., in which the dwell time was 8 minutes. The carpeting was rinsed thoroughly and dried. The acid-modified nylon fibers were dyed on orange shade; the unmodified fibers were negligibly stained.

EXAMPLE 20 Evaluation of Cross-Staining and Light-Fastness The dyes of Examples l-7,9,10 and 12-16 were applied to skeins of acid-modified BCF nylon in the presence of skeins of light-dyeable" unmodified BCF nylon, by the dyeing procedure described in Example 17. For comparison, a commercially available monocationic dye was used, having the structure The results appear in Table 4. In each case, the shade depth on the acid-modified skein was adjusted to be visually equal to that of the monocationic dye at 0.5% (on the weight of the fiber).

Ratings of staining and light-fastness were made according to the Gray Scale, as given in the Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. The numbers have the following significance:

5 negligible or no change (or stain) 4 slight change (or stain) 3 noticeable change (or stain) 2 considerable change (or stain) l much change (or stain) The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

l. A biscationic monoazo dye having the formula where R R and R together with the adjacent nitrogen atom form pyridinium R H or Cl 17 EXAMPLE 15 Coupling of Quatamine to [2-(N-ethyl-m-toluidino)ethyl]diethylmethylammonium methosulfate 'When 13.2 parts of o-chloroquatamine were re- 5 placed by 1 1.4 parts of Quatamine in the procedure of Example 12, a dye was obtained which was salted out of solution with sodium iodide, isolated by filtration, washed with water and dried. The reddish-orange powder had an absorptivity of 45.6 liters gram cm. at

469 mu. Based on the above procedure, the dye has the structure:

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of Two Dyes from p-(4-aminonaphthylazo)phenacylammonium Chloride 3 A mixture of 41.9 parts of p-(4-aminonaphthylazo)- phenacylammonium chloride, 300 parts of water, 50 parts of acetic acid and 1 1.6 parts of ION-hydrochloric acid was cooled to 20C. and 34.2 parts of SN-sodium nitrite were slowly added. After stirring for minutes 4 at 20C., excess nitrite was destroyed with a small quantity of sulfamic acid. The diazonium salt solution was cooled to 15C. and divided into two equal parts.

a. To one half of the diazo solution was added a solution of 11.4 parts of N-ethyl-N-phenyl-N',N'- 4 diethylethylenediamine in 25 parts of water and 10 parts of acetic acid. After stirring at 15C. for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to room temperature over a 1-hour period. The pH was adjusted to 3210.5 with sodium acetate and the mass was heated to 40-45C. with stirring. A solution of 10.8 parts of sodium iodide in 150 parts of water was added and the mixture stirred overnight. The mother-liquor was then decanted and the oily dye was triturated in 250 parts of 1% sodium iodide solution. The resulting slurry was then heated at 3040C. for 1 hour and the solids isolated by filtration and dried. Yield: 25.5 parts. The dye had an absorptivity of 30.9 liters gram cm. at 545 mu.

Based on the above procedure, the structure of the dye is The following examples illustrate the dyeing methods for banded test carpet prepared as described above. In order to demonstrate the reserve of the biscationic dyes 5 on unmodified nylon, they were dyed in the absence of acid dyes onto the banded nylon carpeting. The carpeting contained acid-modified, medium-dyeable and ultra-deep-dyeable" BCF nylon fibers tufted in .a random pattern on a non-woven polypropylene backing.

EXAMPLE 17 Dyeing of Banded BCF Nylon Carpeting a. Bleach Scour 100 Parts of the carpeting described above were heated for 5 minutes at F. in 4000 parts of water containing sodium perborate 4 parts trisodium phosphate 0.25 part a sulfobetaine* 0.5 part where R C alkyl (-30%), C alkyl (-30%), C monounsaturated (-40%). The temperature was raised to 160F. for 15 minutes and the carpet rinsed in water at F.

2 1 R H, alkyl, alkoxy, C], NHCO alkyl or NHCOC H R H, Cl, alkyl or alkoxy Y NR9R10R11 OI NHCOCHZNGRQRIORH, Where R is alkyl or H, R is alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, R is alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl or R and R together with the adjacent nitrogen form piperidinium or pyrrolidinium 

1. A BISCATIONIC MONOAZO DYE HAVING THE FORMULA
 2. The biscationic monoazo dyes of claim 1 in which R4 H, Rr7 CH3, R8 H, and 